Financial Planning Essay

|Topic: â€Å"Describe the fundamental component to be a fruitful money related organizer in Hong Kong and China. Clarify the difficulties of | |practicing moral budgetary arranging in Hong Kong and China. † | The budgetary atmosphere is changing continually with the changing of various compelling components. Budgetary arranging is one of the money related businesses which progressively created from an obscure idea to a perceived specialty.However, this industry is still in a youthful stage so that there are some hazardous issues concerned particularly in some Asian regions like Hong Kong and China. It tends to be reflected especially in the compensation framework and professionalization of money related organizers just as open acknowledgment for this industry. To arrive at a develop level, the initial step is building up an open certainty. In this manner it is rising for money related organizers to consider how to get effective. As the job of helping customers settles on some most significant choices of their lives, budgetary organizers are required to fulfill a particular arrangement of basic elements.The first and furthermore the most fundamental necessity for them is solid expert information. Money related organizers ought to have the option to actualize a far reaching process when assist customers with making budgetary plans and assess monetary items bundles freely to fulfill clients’ need. Balanced proficient information in shifted fields is essential right now which including not just the monetary related regions, for example, financial aspects, business the executives, and speculation, protection yet in addition some other non-money related regions, for example, brain research and sociology.Having the general base information is the beginning yet not the end in the vocation with the goal that numerous budgetary organizers are required to have an aptitude specifically field which can help them legitimately exploit position in fulfilling som e particular clients’ need. Take the protection arranging for instance; a monetary organizer who is ability in the protection business just as having the fundamental all round information will be well on the way to pick up the clients’ trust.In expansion, the continuous learning is additionally basic since the money related condition is changing each day and all the choices ought to be made by the specific foundation condition. The Mainstay’s overview in 2006 shows that 85 percent of the populace needs money related organizers who are learned, gifted, and really care past the exchange. What's more, there are likewise different investigates and confirmations demonstrate that relational aptitudes are a higher priority than specialized skill at most times.In this sense, the capacity to have enthusiastic reverberation with customers and show one’s genuine and caring disposition would be essential to pull in new customers and set up a drawn out relationship wi th existing customers. Additionally it is appropriate in making money related arrangements and executing related techniques in light of the fact that clients’ aids and participation assume a critical job all the while. This suggestion can be clearly reflected in the second step of a proper individual monetary arranging process, gathering customer information and deciding goals.When speaking with customers, a superb budgetary organizer would have the option to extricate valuable data to comprehend the client’s inspiration just as deal with their desires. It is no uncertainty that a decent notoriety is the most significant thing for budgetary organizers. Notwithstanding proficient information and solid relational abilities, moral conduct is an incredible concern. Proposed moral conduct guidelines depend on rule of honesty, objectivity, skill, decency, classification, polished skill and diligence.These standards given by CFP Board expect to urge open certainty to money re lated arranging industry just as expressly recognize practitioners’ duties and commitments to various partners. In any case, rehearsing these moral standards in genuine world may not a simple assignment. The accompanying piece of the exposition will inspect the difficulties of rehearsing moral money related arranging in Hong Kong and China. With quick riches collection and expanding speculator request in Hong Kong and China, a higher potential improvement open door for budgetary arranging administrations had been witnessed.But simultaneously, a better standard for quality money related arranging with lacking certainty from the pubic turns into a wellspring of difficulties for this industry. It seems, by all accounts, to be harder while considering the execution of moral monetary arranging since the idea of the business depends on trust among customers and organizers. These difficulties are reflected especially in the accompanying angles. Right off the bat, expense based money related arranging scarcely exists in Asia because of the low shopper acknowledgment degree, which well on the way to prompt an issue of premium conflicts.A budgetary organizer is normally remunerated by commissions from selling item standards given by their organizations and the determination of item may not be the best decision for customers. It additionally matters while considering the hazard resilience for money related planners’ salary. Just commission-based pay may bring about unscrupulous conduct rehearsed by budgetary organizers to endure as a result of sharp drop in pay during the business downturn. Besides, it is challengeable for monetary organizers to offer top notch administrations without adequate certainty and trust from clients.Financial organizers must have profound comprehension about their client’s money related status, needs and worries so as to give alluring advices. In any case, most Chinese buyers are not ready to offer their private data to ind ividuals whom they are curious about, which make it hard to choose the underlying arrangement and recognize the normal results. The facts confirm that a superb monetary organizer ought to have the relational abilities of urging customers to give related data as much as possible.The conflict about what degree an organizer should seek after revelation discussions and how to legitimize the moral position when putting forth attempt to pick up the buyer data is concerned. At long last, the degree of information and instruction of budgetary administrations to the general population are moderately low in locale for some lacking urban areas in territory China, which may turn into a sort of misinformed impetus of exploitative conduct to money related arranging administrations suppliers influenced by the poor survey system and slips of checks.It can be unequivocally reflected in the decency issue, for example, unveil of data among organizers and customers It will take long for this industry t o grow commonly, some improvement measures can be rehearsed now. Endeavors could be centered around a few angles including the intently manage of participate administration, satisfactory preparing for practitioners’ fitness and demonstrable skill, just as the training for people in general.

History of Sainsburys Essays

History of Sainsburys Essays History of Sainsburys Essay History of Sainsburys Essay John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury were the two that established the famous organization in 1869. The primary store to be opened was opened at Drury Lane, London this store offered dairy items. Drury Lane was one of Londons most unfortunate zones and the Sainsburys shop immediately got famous for offering great items at low costs. The low costs were because of the reality of size of economy. The business was effective to the point that few branches were opened in other market avenues including Stepney, Islington and Kentish Town. Headed straight toward their prosperity Sainsburys confronted different difficulties. Some undeniable difficulties like rivalry with rival retailers, for example, Liptons. John James thought that it was important to step up his pace of extension with the goal that he could purchase products as seriously as these organizations. Somewhere in the range of 1890 and 1900 the quantity of Sainsburys branches trebled from 16 to 48. Sainsburys was as yet claimed by the organizers when it entered its subsequent century. In any case, it had arrived at a scale and height that justified open status. The companys open buoyancy in 1973 was at the time the biggest ever buoyancy on the Stock Exchange, with a 45-overlay oversubscription for shares. By and by Sainsbury is claimed by numerous individuals and the grocery store utilizes more than 14500 individuals to work for them, of the 145000 60% is low maintenance occupations and the rest 40% is all day employments. An enormous Sainsburys Supermarket offers more than 23,000 items 40% of these are Sainsburys own image. Notwithstanding a wide scope of value food and basic food item items, numerous stores offer bread heated on the premises, shop, meat and fish counters, drug stores, bistros, cafés and gas stations. Offer costs As eWave is a Plc. The offers can be purchased and sold on the stock trade this is the reason it is known as a Plc. Offer costs can go here and there Figure 2 is the offer costs over a time of one year. You can perceive how the offers changed. At focuses the costs were costly and the other way around. With everything taken into account I accept that over this timeframe the costs have increment which suggests that Sainsburys have been progressing admirably. For what reason do share costs change? As observed on figure 2 the offer costs of Sainsburys have changed. The costs of offers are truly capricious. It is erratic on the grounds that when an excessive number of offers are sold on the double the offer cost turns out to be modest and individuals will in general purchase heaps of it. Anyway when the business is doing great the offers are pricey. The motivation behind why offer change is on the grounds that when offers begin to be sold this is perhaps the business isn't progressing nicely and is the motivation behind why the proprietors need to sell their offer. Because of this explanation the offers fall in cost. In the other hand when costs goes up it could be down to the way that the business is doing will and the proprietors need to keep their stake in the firm. At the point when the business isn't doing great the offer costs will in general be at its most minimal to convince clients to purchase the offers. Anyway when the business is raking in boatloads of cash than the offer costs increment. Figure 3-The difference in shares on a solitary day Figure 3 shows the difference in share costs of the firm Sainsburys on the date first walk 2007. At the time 8. 00 clock the costs of the offers is low essentially for the explanation that individuals have quite recently woken up and the interest isn't exceptionally high. Over the long haul the costs begin to build this is on the grounds that the offers begin to be sold and purchased in addition the offers are on request. Significant investors of Sainsburys Like some other Plc, there are numerous investors. These investors are in thousands. The central investor of Sainsburys incorporates the Sainsburys group of whom own 13% of the business, the Brandes speculations accomplices L. L. C. who at that point own 11%. Another significant investor was Legal and General Group plc who held a portion of 3%. In 2002 private people held simply over 42% of Sainsburys shares; banks and candidates held over 56% of offers; annuity reserves, insurance agencies and venture confides in held under 2% of offers. Why purchase shares? Purchasing shares is a brilliant method of putting away cash. Anyway numerous individuals don't understand this positive part of purchasing shares. There are numerous favorable circumstances of having shares underneath I have expressed them. Preferences, for example, At the year's end you get a profit . You could sell your offer when costs are high making benefits. Â If you continue purchasing share you could in the end be in charge of the firm . In the event that in any the organization falls in the red you won't free any overabundance cash Receive a profit The organization brings in cash and toward the year's end a portion of that cost will be gotten by the investors. In addition the more cash the firm gets the more cash-flow the investor will get. The more offers an individual possesses the more profit the individual will get. Sell your offer when costs are high making benefits As you would realize share costs change. They change regularly. This why when offer costs are high the holder can sell their offer creation cash. This is another incredible method of bringing in cash absent a lot of work. Won't free any abundance cash You can't ensure that the business you put resources into will make a benefit. This is the reason when you put resources into a Plc if the business falls in the red or isn't effective of get bankrupt the investor will just free the that the person contributed. Liabilities Like I have referenced above in huge organizations like Sainsburys all investors will profit by constrained risk for obligations caused. This implies, should the business get into troubles monetarily, the investors would just remain to lose what they initially contributed; this is a significant favorable position for Sainsburys as it would assist with drawing in more financial specialists later on the grounds that they realize that not for their entire life reserve funds will be taken.

Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder

Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print Psychotherapy for Treating Panic Disorder By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on September 17, 2019 BSIP/UIG/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Psychological interventions are often used for the treatment of panic disorder. Some common interventions that are thought to be beneficial in reducing ?panic attacks and agoraphobic symptoms include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on the importance of both behavioral and thought processes in understanding and controlling anxiety and panic attacks. The focus of treatment is on inadequate, obstructive, and damaging behaviors and irrational thought processes that contribute to the continuation of symptoms. For example, uncontrolled worrying (thoughts) about what may or may not happen if you have a panic attack may lead to avoiding certain situations (behavior). CBT has been scientifically studied for the treatment of panic disorder. Research has suggested that this form of treatment is effective in alleviating many of the symptoms of panic and anxiety. If using CBT techniques, expect to work on changing thoughts and behaviors for quick results in increased ability to control your symptoms.   Cognitive Behavior Modification Donald Meichenbaum, Ph.D., is a psychologist noted for his contributions to cognitive behavioral therapy. He developed cognitive behavior modification (CBM), which focuses on identifying dysfunctional self-talk in order to change unwanted behaviors. Meichenbaum views behaviors as outcomes of our own self-verbalizations. Panic disorder, agoraphobia or other anxiety disorders often result in certain thought patterns and behaviors that may hinder recovery. But, if you change your thoughts, how you react to anxiety-provoking situations will likely change too. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a cognitive behavioral technique developed by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. REBT is known to be effective for the treatment a variety of anxiety disorders. The cognitive and behavioral techniques used in REBT have demonstrated effectiveness in treating panic disorder. Considered the grandfather of CBT, Ellis developed his technique to teach his patients to detect and dispute “irrational beliefs” or negative thoughts that he believed were causing their psychological problems. Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Therapy (PFPP) Panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy is a form of treatment for panic disorder based on certain psychoanalytic concepts. In general, these concepts assume that people are defined by early human experiences and that unconscious motives and psychological conflicts are at the core of current behavior. The unconscious mind, or subconscious, is a hiding place for painful emotions. Defense mechanisms keep these painful emotions hidden, but if these painful emotions can be brought in to the conscious mind, they can be dealt with and the symptoms of panic disorder and associated behaviors can be eliminated or reduced. Group Therapy According to the American Psychiatric Association, the benefits of group therapy may include: Decreasing shame and stigma by providing experiences with others who have similar symptoms and difficulties;Providing opportunities for modeling, inspiration, and reinforcement by other group members; andProviding a naturally-occurring exposure environment for patients who fear having panic symptoms in social situations. Couples and Family Therapy The symptoms of panic disorder can affect relationships among family members or significant others. Family therapy to address the dependency needs of the panic sufferer, support issues, communication, and education may be beneficial as an adjunct treatment. It is not recommended that family therapy be the sole therapeutic intervention for those with panic disorder. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder

Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print Psychotherapy for Treating Panic Disorder By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on September 17, 2019 BSIP/UIG/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Psychological interventions are often used for the treatment of panic disorder. Some common interventions that are thought to be beneficial in reducing ?panic attacks and agoraphobic symptoms include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on the importance of both behavioral and thought processes in understanding and controlling anxiety and panic attacks. The focus of treatment is on inadequate, obstructive, and damaging behaviors and irrational thought processes that contribute to the continuation of symptoms. For example, uncontrolled worrying (thoughts) about what may or may not happen if you have a panic attack may lead to avoiding certain situations (behavior). CBT has been scientifically studied for the treatment of panic disorder. Research has suggested that this form of treatment is effective in alleviating many of the symptoms of panic and anxiety. If using CBT techniques, expect to work on changing thoughts and behaviors for quick results in increased ability to control your symptoms.   Cognitive Behavior Modification Donald Meichenbaum, Ph.D., is a psychologist noted for his contributions to cognitive behavioral therapy. He developed cognitive behavior modification (CBM), which focuses on identifying dysfunctional self-talk in order to change unwanted behaviors. Meichenbaum views behaviors as outcomes of our own self-verbalizations. Panic disorder, agoraphobia or other anxiety disorders often result in certain thought patterns and behaviors that may hinder recovery. But, if you change your thoughts, how you react to anxiety-provoking situations will likely change too. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a cognitive behavioral technique developed by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. REBT is known to be effective for the treatment a variety of anxiety disorders. The cognitive and behavioral techniques used in REBT have demonstrated effectiveness in treating panic disorder. Considered the grandfather of CBT, Ellis developed his technique to teach his patients to detect and dispute “irrational beliefs” or negative thoughts that he believed were causing their psychological problems. Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Therapy (PFPP) Panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy is a form of treatment for panic disorder based on certain psychoanalytic concepts. In general, these concepts assume that people are defined by early human experiences and that unconscious motives and psychological conflicts are at the core of current behavior. The unconscious mind, or subconscious, is a hiding place for painful emotions. Defense mechanisms keep these painful emotions hidden, but if these painful emotions can be brought in to the conscious mind, they can be dealt with and the symptoms of panic disorder and associated behaviors can be eliminated or reduced. Group Therapy According to the American Psychiatric Association, the benefits of group therapy may include: Decreasing shame and stigma by providing experiences with others who have similar symptoms and difficulties;Providing opportunities for modeling, inspiration, and reinforcement by other group members; andProviding a naturally-occurring exposure environment for patients who fear having panic symptoms in social situations. Couples and Family Therapy The symptoms of panic disorder can affect relationships among family members or significant others. Family therapy to address the dependency needs of the panic sufferer, support issues, communication, and education may be beneficial as an adjunct treatment. It is not recommended that family therapy be the sole therapeutic intervention for those with panic disorder. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Organizational Behavior Forces Essay examples - 1294 Words

Organizational Behavioral Forces There are many internal and external forces that can affect an organization. Internally an organization sets up its own culture. It creates its own internal structure, mission, and fiscal policies. These internal forces are created to engage the external forces that include, but arent limited to, an organization competition, the economy, and the demands of the customers. The way that these forces are handled speaks to the effectiveness of an organization. Having knowledge of a system and its development will†¦show more content†¦Organizational behavior can be affected by how conservative or aggressive its fiscal policy is and it relates to success in achieving its goals. An example of fiscal policy on a small scale is how a finance department can write off invoices up to a certain amount. Anything exceeding the allowable limit must be taken up to management. Fiscal policy can change the allowable amount, depending on how important the organizations focus on accounts receivable is. Another example is automobile companies putting more emphasis on research and development as well as production for fuel-efficient vehicles, or hybrids and less on conventional vehicles due to high gas prices. This causes unemployment levels to go up and down in certain areas of the car industry. When a company decides to adjust its spending, its policy may affect only a specific group of people. Making changes to maintain characteristics of the company in an internal force impacts its organizational behavior. These changes are made to the tools, resources, and the physical or organizational settings of the company. 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Nelson Quick share in Organizational Behavior (2013)Read MoreOrganizational Behavior Of The United States Marine Corps1602 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Bauer and Erdogan, organizational behavior is the â€Å"systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work† (2014). With the large amount of detail that goes into organizational behavior, there is no better example of how dynamic it can be than the United States Marine Corps. Rich in its tradition and history, the United States Marine Corps has a robust structure, very unique culture, and a fervent passion that is almost

The Theme of Loneliness in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein...

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein examines two phenomena of human nature, scientific curiosity and loneliness; the latter will serve as the focus of this essay. The very manner in which Frankenstein begins, that of the correspondence of an unattached explorer who longs for a companion on his voyage, with no one to write to but his sister, establishes the theme of loneliness immediately. Frankensteins creation is a complex character whose true motives cannot be determined easily. Although one cannot excuse his actions, they should certainly not be viewed out of context. The creature is exposed to the painful reality of loneliness from the moment of his creation. I had worked hard for nearly two years, Victor states, for the sole†¦show more content†¦The creature explains his plight to the old man: They are kind--they are the most excellent creatures in the world; but, unfortunately, they are prejudiced against me. I have a good disposition...but a fatal prejudice clouds their eyes, and where they ought to see a feeling and kind friend, they behold a detestable monster. Unfortunately, the old man misunderstands the creatures meaning of monster, and offers him advice instead of understanding. Furthermore, before the creature has time to explain that the DeLaceys are the companions he seeks, the family members return home and, unfortunately, react in the manner the creature had feared. As the creature himself realized, I could have torn [them] limb from limb...But my heart sunk within me as with bitter sickness, and I refrained. Up to this point, the creature has taken abuse from every human being he has come into contact with. The DeLacey family offered probably the only opportunity for an alternative. But another misunderstanding destroyed his chances once again. The creature retreats to the woods, and decides that he will take this abuse no longer. 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Essay about Differences in Gender Roles During the Middle...

Women in the Middle Ages History is marked by specific periods; which illustrates the cultural, economic, religious, and educational setting of the time. One such era is the Middle Ages or Medieval Period. This period that dates from around 850-1400, was defined by the â€Å"Italian Renaissance humanist, Francesco Petrarch, who coined the term Middle Ages to describe the period in European history from the end of the Roman Empire until his own time, the 1300s†. There were many changes that occurred during this span in history; such as the development of cities and the marketplace, which allowed some people to obtain financial wealth and move into a new social bracket. This redistribution of the pecking order was a source of distress for†¦show more content†¦Life in the church consisted of prayer, study, and work. Convents were self-sufficient communities and all nuns were expected to work about 5 to 6 hours a day. In addition to living a life of religious purity; a nun was more liberate d than other women of the Middle Ages because the convent provided nuns opportunities to continue their education and be free of a man’s control. During the Middle Ages there was an influx in the growth of urban life, thus there became a need for more commerce in the marketplace and workers to fulfill that responsibility, which in turn allowed women to join men in the guild sector. Therefore, the third division of women was the free townswoman or a tradesman’s wife. This group of females was skilled in a specific trade and sold their products in the open market alongside their husband’s guild enterprise. The types of jobs that the skilled female laborer might possess were silk worker, midwife, barber, apothecary, book producer and decorations, and manufacturer of food and beverages. In addition, many women within this class distinction worked beside their husband in his guild business, selling whatever product the family association provided the public. More so, the middle class female would act for her husband in his absence, and if the man died the woman was able to continue the business. Although the tr adesman’s wife was capable ofShow MoreRelatedThe Rights of Women in the Middle Ages1154 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world are striving to bring equal rights to the genders. Gender equality is where men and women are represented equally. It doesnt mean that both genders are the same but rather the same value; thus both genders should be given equal treatment. In the fight for equal rights, many feminists have pointed to the Middle Ages as an example of where men are superior to women, and that women had virtually no rights. However, during the Middle Ages with the development of individualism, women had a considerateRead MoreFirst Annotated Bibliography:. 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Example Of Court Can Apply These Principles-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Example Of Court Can Apply These Principles? Answer: Introducation In contract law or tort law, a party may include an exclusion clause in the contract document. This a term mainly seeks to limit or exclude that party's liabilities for the damages that may arise in case a breach of contract occurs (Poole, 2014). For example, a term may state that no party will that will claim for liability in case any of the contracting parties breached the contract. This paper will be looking at the application of these terms and how the court regulates their applications. Qantas Airlines Ltd Vs Airbus Corporation Ltd Qantas Airlines Ltd signs a contract with Airbus Corporation Ltd for Airbus to build a new aeroplane, but Airbus fails to meet all the terms but relies of a limitation clause stating that their liability is capped at $ 300 000. The main issue here is a challenge an exclusion clause specifying the amount payable when the breach of contract occurs. In particular, its a question whether such clause will apply even where the breach goes to the root of the contract. Coming back to the question, can the exclusion clause then meet its purpose of shielding the party from the claims? Well, many legal minds have had different opinions on this matter including the ruling of (Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd, 1980) which allowed the application of the clause but set some conditions. In summary McKendrick (2012) states that the application relies on the seriousness of the breach. So if the violation gave rise to more serious consequences, the court would likely dismiss the clause. Despite that ruling, many courts in the twentieth and twentieth-first centuries acquire their rationale from (The Unfair Contract Terms Act [UCTA], 1977) and act that work for the protection of consumers rights. The UCTA 1977 terms apply only to those liabilities occurring in the course of business as well as those occurring towards other businesses (Zulhafiz, 2015). It also governs specific cases of unfair terms such as penalty clauses that charge beyond the lim it. In general, the court usually applies the UCTA in the principles of reasonableness test. The reasonable test usually puts the burden of demonstrating the rationale of the exemption clause on the person seeking to use it (Zulhafiz, 2015). For a clause to be reasonable, it must demonstrate that its terms are fair and reasonable (Zulhafiz, 2015). By this, the act requires the terms to take into account that the innocent party was aware of all the circumstances. Secondly, by being reasonable, both parties should have known and contemplated for the existence of the clause when they were making the contract (Zulhafiz, 2015). Third, the court will also take into account other factors like insurance or the option of the other party to seeking advice. For example, the clause failed in (Smith v Bush, 1989) where the defendant relied on a clause exempting him to take liabilities of his negligence. In addition to UCTA principles, there are also principles of common law on the validity of the exclusion clause. For example, the first rule requires the incorporation of an exclusion clause in the contract (Trakic, 2015). The second rule requires the proof that the breaching party gave a reasonable notice of the exclusive clause to the innocent party. Thirdly, the court may also allow the application of the exclusion clause through the evidence of the previous dealings (Trakic, 2015). Another principle that guides the application of exclusion clause in common law is the customs of the trade. Lastly, the exclusion clause must cover the claimed loss. There are various cases which have marked the application of these rules. For instance, in (George Mitchell v Finney Lock Seeds, 1983), The defendants were sellers of seeds, and the claimants were farmers. The claimant contracted with the defendant to supply them with 30 lbs cabbage seeds worth 201. The seeds were defective, and they caused the claimant a loss of over 60,000. The defendants were then relying on the limitation clause that limited their liability for replacing the seeds. The court overturned the clause terming it as unreasonable. The court stated that the losses resulted from the breach of contract so the defendant could not rely on the clause. Another application similar to this case in this paper is the ruling of (St Albans City and District Council v International Computers Ltd, 1996). The claimant entered into a contract with the defendant firm who was a supplier of computer software. The contract needed the defendant to administer their software collection for the claimant. However, the defendant software comprised of an error that caused the claimant a loss of 1.3 million. When the claim went to the court, the defendant raised a defense in reliance on a limitation clause that limited the liabilities to 100,000. The court termed the limitation clause as unreasonable. The court stated that the limited sum was very low considering that defendant could get a backup indemnity from his insurance of 50 million. Considering these facts and rules, it is true that Airbus will rely on their limitation clause which capped the liability at $ 300 000. However, as we have seen, this limitation will not succeed by the unreasonable test. First of all, the damages are too low considering that there is evidence that Qantas makes an average of $ 800 000 profit per day while using such an aircraft. Following the above analysis, the limitation clause will fail. Gemma works for Frank as a salesperson. Gemma lies to Frank to lower the price so that his Niece can buy it. Frank loses a profit from a potential customer who would have bought it at the actual price. The main issue in this question is about fraudulent misrepresentation on an employee who was supposed to act in good faith. In a sole trader business, the owner does not have many regulations, disclosures, requirements for public accountability or government rules that govern the conduct of companies. However, (Stone, 2014) states that the general government obligations for a business exist such as respecting the employment laws. Similarly, their employees have to comply with the general requirement of employees such as the duty to act in good faith. In the cases of where one person into a contract induces the other into the contract through a fraudulent misrepresentation, the other party has the right to seek a remedy of rescission, claim for damages or both. Also, the ruling of (Standard Chartered Bank v Pakistan Shipping Corp, 2002) set it clear that an individual who makes a fraudulent misrepresentation or who acts deceitfully will be personally liable in tort notwithstanding the fact that he is acting as an agent, officer, or entity. A simple definition of fraud in a commercial setting is a statement of opinion where the speaker knows it is false. The false statement can be for a past, present or future event. In proving that there is a fraudulent misrepresentation, the following elements must be available. For one there must be a false statement aimed at deceiving the other party (Klass, 2010). The guilty party must have had the knowledge of the falsity of that statements (Clarkson, Miller, Cross Clarkson, 2015). The Statements intended to lure the victim into surrendering something that would be of value to the innocent party. Lastly, the innocent party got injured. If the named elements exist, then there would be evidence of a fraudulent misrepresentation and the innocent party may seek the following remedies. For one, the claimant may seek to rescind the contract (Riches, Allen Keenan, 2009). This one is an equitable remedy where the court orders the parties to set aside the contract and go back to the position they were before the contract. Second is a claim for the damages or losses (Riches, Allen Keenan, 2009). Here the innocent party receives a financial award to compensate for the incurred losses. Notably, the compensation means to return the injured party to the position it would have been had the fraud not happened. The innocent party also gets the compensation for all losses flowing from the fraud. An application of this rule is found in the case for (Smith New Court Securities Ltd v Scrimgeour VickersLtd, 1996). The defendant's broker induced the claimant to purchase shares at 82p per square when in the market value was 72p per square. A massive fraud also happened with the company where the claimant bought shares lowering the rates further. The claimant subsequently traded the shares for prices for prices that ranged between 30p per square to 49p. The claimant then made a loss of 11.3M. The court allowed the claimant to recover the entire loss flowing from the fraud. Frank would be entitled to recover the extra profit that he would have got had the fraud not happened. He would also have the right to suspend Gemma for now working in good faith. Question 2 (b) Frank V Bob Frank suspends Bob, but Bob enters into a Contract with Angela and defrauds her before he leaves from the business. The main issue here is a question of the authority or the power of an agent to bind his principal with the third party and shift the liabilities to the principal. An employer (principal) can take the liabilities of an agent whom he has terminated his contract. This is due to the power of apparent authority. If the principal fails to notify the third party of the termination of the agency relationship, the court considers it reasonable for a third party to believe that the agent had power as he previously did (Mann, Roberts Smith, 2012). Following this, the principal will have to become responsible for the agents misconduct. The only exception is in the cases of a death of the principal or his incompetence (Beatty, Samuelson Bredeson, 2013). Such cases will withdraw the need for a notification. The reason is that once the principal dies, the agents authority retires back to the principal estate. One application of this rule was in (Racing UK Ltd v Doncaster Racecourse Ltd and Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council, 2005). Doncaster Racecourse Ltd (DR Ltd) managed Doncaster Racecourse on behalf of Doncaster Council (DC). Without informing DC, DR Ltd entered into a contract with Racing UK Ltd. DC was by then negotiating a different deal only to learn that the contract had been made with Racing UK Ltd. The council sought to deny the contract alleging that DR Ltd executive, Mr. Sanderson had no rights. However, in the past, all Mr. Sanderson had been handling negotiations. Therefore, Racing UK Ltd trusted that DR Ltd was acting in its agency authority on behalf of the DC. The court refused to repudiate the contract. It said that the contract was binding between DC(principal) and UK Racing Ltd (third party) since the previous dealings showed that Mr. Sanderson had the authority. Conclusion There is nothing Frank can do except to either rescind the contract with Angela and pay for anticipatory breach of repudiation. Else, he can execute the contract and give Angela the machines. The contract between Bob and Angela was as binding as if Angela made it with Frank. If Frank wanted to avoid the contract, he would have notified all customers including Angela that Bob is no longer his employee and he has terminated his agency relationship. To sum it up, the paper aimed to discuss the power of the exclusion clause. Before the enactment of UCTA IN 1977, many parties enjoyed the shield of the exclusion clause though different courts tried as much as possible to work against it where it seemed to deny justice to one party. The other issue that this paper discussed was the issue of fraudulent misrepresentation in commercial contexts. In the cases of fraud, the innocent party has the right to either rescind the contract, claim for losses or both. Where an innocent party claim for the losses, they include even those that flowed from the fraud. Lastly, the paper discussed the issue of agency. Here the paper concluded that the only way a principal can escape the liabilities is by notify the third parties whenever the principal terminates the contract of an agent. References Poole, J. (2014). Casebook on contract law (12th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. McKendrick, E. (2012). Contract law (5th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stone, R. (2014). Text, Cases and Materials on Contract Law (2nd ed.). Abingdon, Oxon [UK]: Routledge. Clarkson, K., Miller, R., Cross, F., Clarkson, K. (2015). Business law. Text and Cases (13th ed.). Cengage Learning. Klass, G. (2010). Contract law in the USA (2nd ed.). Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International. Riches, S., Allen, V., Keenan, D. (2009). Keenan and Riches' business law (9th ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman. Mann, R., Roberts, B., Smith, L. (2012). Smith Roberson's business law (15th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Zulhafiz, W. (2015). Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977: does it provide a good model in regulating risk allocation provisions in oilfield contracts in Malaysia?. International Journal Of Trade And Global Markets, 8(1), 3. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtgm.2015.067969 Trakic, A. (2015). Statutory protection of Malaysian consumers against unfair contract terms. Common Law World Review, 44(3), 203-221. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473779515600142 Cases Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd [1980] AC 827 The Unfair Contract Terms Act [UCTA], (1977) Smith v Eric Bush [1990] 1 AC 831 George Mitchell v Finney Lock Seeds [1983] QB 28 St Albans City and DC v International Computers Ltd [1996] EWCA Civ 1296 Standard Chartered Bank v Pakistan Shipping Corp [2002] UKHL 43 Smith New Court Securities v Scrimgeour Vickers [1996] 4 All ER 769 Smith New Court Ltd v Scrimgeour Vickers Ltd [1996] UKHL 3 Smith v Eric Bush [1990] 1 AC 831 Racing UK Ltd v Doncaster Racecourse Ltd and Doncaster Metropolitan District Council [2005] EWCA Civ 999

An apple is better than an orange Essay Example

An apple is better than an orange Essay Example An apple is better than an orange Essay An apple is better than an orange Essay An apple is better than an orange. Do you know that fruits are the best friends off healthy body? An apple and an orange can help a person to have a healthy lifestyle. Apples and oranges are two delicious fruits. These fruits look the same, but the truth is that they are different. A person can analyze three main aspects to understand why an apple Is better than an orange: health benefits, flavor, and color. These three aspects convert an apple In the best choice for a person. A person s health Is very Important thats why a person should consume an apple dally. An apple Ingestion benefits are many. An apple Is rich In vitamin C. Also an apple contains an element that prevents aging. Eat dally an apple prevents sclerosis. An orange instead only provides a high level of vitamin C but it is not as complete as an apple. The taste of an orange and an apple are completely different. An apple has a sweet taste. While proving an orange can be a sour experience. The apple flavor is lovely, makes that a person wants more than one apple. Maybe a person doses t like an orange s flavor because it is citric. Its flavor can be distasteful for many people. But an apples flavor can be mystical and pleasant for a person. An apple is more colorful than an orange. An apple can be red, green or yellow but these three colors are beautiful. The red color of an apple makes a person can think in love or passion. Also a red apple is a symbol of temptation. While a yellow or green orange is totally common. Green or yellow orange does not attract peoples attention. A beautiful color can attract the attention of anyone. In conclusion an apple and an orange can look the same. Of course both are delicious fruits but these are very different. The healthy benefits that an apple has, an orange has not . An unique apple s flavor, orange never can has. Finally the color that falls In love Just the apples has. For these three reasons Is that apples are better than oranges

Frankenstein vs. Blade Runner Essay Example

Frankenstein vs. Blade Runner Essay Example Frankenstein vs. Blade Runner Essay Frankenstein vs. Blade Runner Essay Both Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner are classic science fiction stories that deal with the themes of technology’s effect on humanity and the question of ‘What does it mean to be human? ’ In Blade Runner, the film portrays the human race having a diminished sense of ‘humanity’ because the collective cultures and communities that exist in present day are non-existent in Blade Runner’s dystopian earth. Take for example the confrontation between Chief Bryant and Deckard over whether to ‘retire’ the rogue replicants. First Bryant tries to passively push Deckard to come out of retirement; but when Deckard refuses to comply, Bryant resorts to using abusive threats and bullying to get Deckard to do the dirty work and kill the replicants. This theme continues to appear throughout the movie as the human characters bark and snap at each other constantly. Which indicates the lack of respect they have for each other, showing the breakdown of human relationships in this dystopian world. In contrast, the Replicants, who by all accounts are the most synthetic aspects of the film, appear to have the most genuine compassion, companionship, morality, empathy and courtesy for each other. This makes them appear more human than the actual protagonists in the film. Throughout Blade Runner the replicants tend to hold more civil and polite conversations with one another, demonstrating the compassion they have for each other and a caring empathy that lacks between the humans. : By the end of Bladrunner, the replicants appear to have a identity that is more human when compared to the actual humans in the film. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein also functions in a similar way. Frankenstein compares Victor Frankenstein’s creature to Victor himself and by the end, the roles of ‘human’ and ‘creature’ are reversed. Initially the creature is frustrated and is full of hatred for his creator’s abandonment and society’s abhorrence of his appearance. Frankensteins creature explains his anger, saying, There was non among the myriads of men that existed who would pity or assist me; and should I feel kindness towards my enemies? No: from that moment I declared everlasting war against the species, and, more than all, against him who had formed me and sent me forth to this insupportable misery. After realizing that his creator will eventually do nothing to help him cope with being alone in the world and detested by society, the creature kills off Victor’s family, turning the nce urbane gentleman into a monster not unlike the creature. Echoes of the creature’s earlier statements now appear in Victor’s deathbed speech, illustrating the degree in which Victor has become dehumanized. â€Å"I was cursed by some devil,† he cries, â€Å"and carried about with me my eternal hell† (142). Driven by his hatred for the other, the ‘human’ – Victor – distances himself farther and farthe r away from human society and sanity and becomes a creature possessed in finding and killing his creation. After his creator’s passing the creature pays one final visit to his former master and while Victor in the end believes him to be a  insensitive brute, Shelley casts the creature as a martyred classical hero: â€Å"I shall ascend my funeral pile triumphantly and exult in the agony of the torturing flames,† he says (149). Fittingly, the last few pages of the story are taken up with the creature’s own words as he preaches to the reader about his apparent moralistic change in an attempt to give himself self-definition. Another theme that can be seen in both Blade Runner and Frankenstein, is the question of ‘Are creations of science born inherently evil? ’ To put it into context for Blade Runner, Dr. Eldon Tyrell – inventor of the replicants – created machines that functioned almost the same as humans, but they were thrust into the world without any memories and experiences. The replicants were also expected to work and adapt to a changing world with an underdeveloped brain on par with a pre-pubescent child. Dr. Tyrell realised this and thus implanted within them a four-year lifespan with which time they would automatically die. This was due to the fear that the replicants, who were born with a mind of ‘tabula rasa’ or a blank slate, would develop humanistic feelings and become human. From this the movie illustrates that as the replicants (especially the seven rouge replicants) reach the end of their lifespan, they become scared of ceasing to exist and then take drastic measures to allow themselves to live Frankenstein functions in a similar way, the gothic horror novel explores what makes us human and questions the reader to pinpoint what are the attributes of a human being and how do humans become integrated into society. The creature shows that humans and man-made creatures alike are born with inherently good, and nature and the conditions around determine future personality, or the old nature/nurture argument. When Frankenstein’s creation turns against him, the novel shows that it is not the fault of the creature, but rather the wrongdoings of society that forced the creature to act the way he did.

Technical summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technical summary - Essay Example Mouse-adapted H1N1 A/PR/8/34 strains were used for the study. Genomic RNA (full-length) was acquired by infecting MDCK cells; the procedure was done under biosafety level-2 conditions. pFBHAhisKDEL and pFBMelHAhis plasmids were used to produce the recombinant baculoviruses BacHAhisKDEL and BacMelHAhis using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The instructions provided by the manufacturer of the system were strictly followed. Control used was baculovirus vector BacNI (this is a baculovirus, which has no foreign gene). There was propagation and amplification of the recombinant baculoviruses in Sf21 insect cells in order to attain infective titers of around 108 plaque-forming units (pfu) (Gomez-Casado 36). Sf21 insect cells and the insect larvae (Trichoplusia ni) were infected using recombinant baculovirus dilution to attain the amount of pfu per dose required for each selection. Total soluble and non-denatured proteins (TSNDPs) were obtained through homogenization; these proteins were from baculoviruses infected T. ni larvae (Gomez-Casado 36). The proteins were prepared using various techniques for western blot (WB) assays and protein size determination. Recombinant HAhisKDEL protein purification from the infected larvae was done using Co2+-based immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) resins (Gomez-Casado 37). The response of HA-specific IgG (immunoglobin G) was measured using ELISA tests. Inhibition tests of hemagglutination were done for each of the duplicate based on instruction from the World Organization for Animal Health. Female mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were immunized and tested for virus challenge. The first group of mice (4) was immunized with TSNDP extract (containi ng HAhisKDEL protein) from the infected larvae. The second group (4 mice) was immunized with purified HAhisKDEL protein. Control group (3 mice) were immunized using TSNDP extract

Should Animal Experimentation Be Permitted Essay

Should Animal Experimentation Be Permitted - Essay Example Experiments on the regeneration of spinal nerve endings were conducted at the University of Zurich. In test-tube testing, nerves dismembered from rats were left open to immunoglobulin that blocked regeneration. The nerves regenerated successfully though not fully. The rats were the animals of choice because there was no other suitable replacement. The use of animals in these studies is important as those involved cannot present a raw form of treatment directly to humans. Opposition of experiments conducted on animals is a threat to medical advances and the furtherance of human knowledge. In relation to medical research, since there are no suitable replacements for animals, animal experimentation should be allowed. On the hand, due to the emotions attached individuals to animals, activists call for a ban as this is a selfish act for humans. The claim also is that, â€Å"will humans keep experimenting and murdering animals for these selfish gains till they are endangered?† Moreo ver, still on medical advances, animal testing should not be permitted as the same animals do not have the complexity of the human body (Murnaghan, par 3). Thus, should the products tested on animals fail on humans; it will be a waste of animals such as rats and mice. As a replacement for animals, computer models and simulations can be used to predict the likely reactions from an experiment (Murnaghan, par 3). Animal experiments should not be permitted if at all they are carried out unnecessarily (Environment commission, p.1). This is, in cases, such as those carried out for aesthetic value where animals should not be allowed for use. Instead, they should test their products by looking for volunteers, as it is the humans to use the products. At the same time, it tests on animals should be allowed as the animals conditions are put into considerations during the tests. In this case, they are not to suffer according to the law. This is such that, when the animals acquire adverse condit ions and complications from the experiments or reach the â€Å"human endpoint† (serious respiratory problems, loss of weight and extreme tumor growth), the animal is euthanized if the case is severe (Vos, p. 1). This is to mean that as long the animals welfare is taken into account, testing should be allowed. In drug experiment, animal testing assists in ensuring the wellbeing of medication taken by human beings or stuffs that human being are uncovered to frequently. Animals are used to test the dangers of these substances on humans thus lowering the potential harm and saving lives. Animal experiments should not be allowed as there are alternatives. Despite not being the best alternatives to animals, they can be used to reduce the numbers of animals used as well as the level of their suffering during experimentation. Replacements could be; cell cultures, which reduce the, number of animals used, use of statistics, which uses comprehensive data to gauge the spread of disease, and finally the use of advanced scanning technology that allows for investigation of disease through human scans rather than performing animal testing(Paul, 7). The use of animals for experimenting increases the knowledge and understanding of the animal being used for the experiment. This means that the animal species being used is a beneficiary of the experiment in that researchers may come up with ways to help the animals survive. This is as in cases where

Mechanisms of Viral Transmission

Mechanisms of Viral Transmission Most of the new viral diseases that enter the human population are enzootic viruses that have changed their hosts. These enzootic viruses tend to have a severe effect in humans. A viral disease emerges in a population through a series of steps the initial infection, the spillover, and lastly the host to host transfer. These steps are further aided or prevented by the virulence factors present in the virus versus the host or human whichever the case susceptibility. It is important to determine the source of these viruses and whether it was via an enzootic or epizootic virus. The barriers that the virus faces when trying to infect a new host are just as important as the role that the environment plays in the viruss transmissibility. There are many factors to consider when looking at viruses how viruses change hosts. New viruses can emerge in a population through contact with an alternative host. Until recently the probability of a virus changing hosts was limited by the restricted contact between the initial host and the alternative host. An increase in contact can be accomplished by introducing the host animal to domestication or any other arena that would serve to increase the likelihood of human contact. Primates that have been infected with simian immunodeficiency virus in Africa were separated from areas of high human populations which in turn significantly limited the chances of the virus changing hosts and infecting humans. The chances of viral contact can also be increased by changes in social and sexual behavior, increased travel, hygiene practices and the increased density of the population that work in favor of the virus and increase the chances of infection in an alternative human host. The significance of initial host to alternative host contact can be examined through the instance in Africa where primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus in Africa were removed from areas of high human populations and in turn significantly reduced the number of the host changes from primate to humans. The removal of the infected animal from direct human contact does not prevent transmission though intermediate hosts. In Malaysia fruit bats are the reservoirs for the virus nipah and with the large number fruit orchards near pig farms the incidence of contact between the virus and the pig is greatly increased. When it comes to a viruss ability to infect a new host there are new barriers that the virus must learn to penetrate. An important part of a viruss ability to infect new hosts is its ability to infect that hosts cells. In humans the viruss can have trouble entering the host via due to factors that fight off viral infections or something as simple as the surface of human skin can pose as a barrier for entry into an alternative host. When galactosyl producing virions which are not normally found in humans are detected in the body the galactosyl brings about an antibody response that inactivates the virus and prevents its spread. A mechanism of action such as this requires the viruss need to rapidly adapt to bypass the barriers that are set up to prevent viral infection. Even if the relative distance in relation between the initial host and the alternative host of a virus is close the intensity and rate of the contact between the two species is still a factor. When a virus infects a new host that is distantly or closely related to the previous host it does not mean that the host cannot also transfer the virus to more distantly related organism. Integration of a virus into a new host cell is also dependent on the receptor binding that occurs between the virus and host cell. The changes that the virus has to undergo in order to infect the new host cells must coincide with the receptors that are found already on the host cells. A process involving the transfer of the FPV virus to infect canine involved a gain of two mutations that then allowed for it to bind to the canine transferrin receptors. These mutations allowed for the FPV virus to increase its host range successfully gain the ability to infect canines with a new form of the FPV virus CPV. Blockades for the spread of the viral infection once it has infected the new host cells can exist in the form of proteins that prevent the spread of the virus to neighboring cells. The capsid proteins of viruses are stopped at the cytoplasm of the new host cell by TRIM5ÃŽ ± a protein that binds to the capsid of the virus preventing its entry into the host cell. Generalist and specialist viruses are two categories for viruses that can possibly predict and help determine the ranges of hosts that a particular virus can infect; and whether or not a virus is a candidate for host switching. Generalist viruses are expected to have an increased incidence of alternative host shifting while specialist viruses are the opposite and are unable to bypass the barriers in the host cells receptors and other defenses that would require the virus to mutant in order to effectively infect the cell. Most of the specialist cells have trouble making it past the initial infection of the alternative host. Viruses that have a wide range of hosts have a built in advantage already in that they do not have to alter in order to successfully make a change in the types of organism that they can infect. The rate of variation in a virus directly determines the adaptability of a virus into a new host. Viruses that have a high evolving rate are more likely to cross species and cause infection in a new host due to its ability to quickly adapt to the host cell. RNA viruses do not have proofreading mechanisms as well as replication that is error prone and are in that sense much more variable than DNA viruses. DNA viruses are less variable than RNA viruses but some exception exist in that certain single stranded DNA the rate of variation may be similar to that of RNA viruses. A reduction in virus fitness occurs when the virus undergoes mutations that are necessary in order to infect a new host. If the virus is using a intermediate host even more adaptations are required and the virus is further reduced in fitness. The addition of the intermediate hosts help to explain why the influenza A virus infects each of its hosts differently through different mechanisms. In humans for example the infection is found in the lower respiratory tract than in other hosts where it is located in the upper respiratory tract. Reassortments and recombinants aid in a virus adaptability to a new host cell by making a number of genetic changes in a shorter amount of time. The CoV virus of the bat in recombination with another virus was able to make a new virus SARS that can infect humans and other hosts. The intermediate virus is a form of the virus that infects the intermediate host. This virus is the least stable form of the virus. The lower fitted virus loses some of the capability to infect previous parental host types efficiently in addition to the newer crossover hosts they are trying to infect. This phenomenon could account for the low percentage of viral crossover between species. The article did a good job of following the trend and mechanism with which a virus switches hosts. More investigation should be done in the areas of the initial infection of the virus and how it crosses over. More studies should also be done on the likelihood of a virus from another animal making the host switch to infect humans and how that spread can be predicted and prevented. Further studies should be done on how the viruses that make the jump to a species that is not close in the evolutionary chain to who they normally infect to humans. A broader knowledge of how the virus adapts itself to survive in an organism that is so different from its original host also deserves further investigation. If the topics of interest listed are further studied and developed then the article would have a more focused and concise viewpoint instead of the disorganized and sometimes abandoned thread of thoughts that exist at some points within the article.

Biased Elections in the House of Representatives :: Politics Political Essays

Biased Elections in the House of Representatives Elections for the United States Congress have become increasingly biased in favor of the incumbents. The problem is especially prevalent in the House of Representatives, which is designed to be the legislature closest to the people, and therefore most reflective of the people’s views. However, unlike elections for governors or presidents, the congressional races are generally not competitive races. While an incumbent president does have some advantages over a challenger, they are not guaranteed the win. In fact, two of the last four presidents lost their bid for re-election, Jimmy Carter in 1980 and George Bush in 1992. However, in the last four House elections, on average, 92.7% of the incumbents seeking re-election won (Vital Statistics on Congress). There are many reasons for this trend in the House, and just as many possible solutions, but most are likely to fail. However, if the House is to remain truly representative of the people and of the changing times, clearl y something must be done. It is at first surprising that incumbents don’t always win in the Senate also. But this is not the case. The incumbent success rate since World War II is only 75% in the Senate, a much more reasonable number. Because the Senate carries more prestige than the House, it is not surprising that Senate races would be more hotly contested. Most people who run for the Senate already hold a public office of some kind, or for some other reason have good name recognition. These two things explain the competition in the Senate, both candidates are generally competent representatives, and people are already familiar with them. However, most candidates running for a House seat do not have a prestigious political background. Because of this, a candidate must either have some other form of name recognition or have a lot of money to get it. Unfortunately, most people don’t have either of these, and this is why the House incumbents win 93% of the time. One possible solution to this problem, the one Americans are currently enacting, is to do nothing. While the incumbent success rate for re-election is extraordinarily high, there is still turnover in the House due to retirement for various reasons and losses in campaigns. For example, in the 1994 elections, 48 people retired and 38 incumbents were defeated in the election.

Comparison Between The American Revolutionary War And The 11 States Secession From The Union

The American Revolutionary War which occurred between 1775 and 1783 a conflict that involved the Thirteen United British colonies in North America and the Kingdom of Great Britain. The thirteen colonies had been established between 1607 and 1733 as a result of the British colonization in North America. The thirteen states desire to overthrow the British rule and to acquire independence motivated the revolutionaries to fight for the control of the Thirteen British Colonies from the British rule.As a result of the war, the thirteen colonies were able to overthrow the British Empire governance and gain independence to become the United States of America. Self –governing independent states were formed by the colonies, which then became united in order to defend their independence or self-governance against the British rule. At the end of the war, the thirteen colonies were able to break away from the British Empire rule, and they became independent under the 1776 Declaration of In dependence.The secession of the eleven southern states from the US Federal government(Union) resulted to the American Civil War which occurred between 1861 and 1865 . The secession resulted to the formation of the Confederate States of America(Confederacy),which was supported by all the border slave and free states. Due to the difference in opinion between the anti-slavery northern states and the slave-owning southern states, the conflict was triggered. The secession was motivated by the southern states fear of losing control over the federal government to the northern states.The southern states also intended to continue with slavery, which the northern states did not support. Both the American Revolutionary War and the secession have certain similarities and differences. Discussion Similarities between the American Revolutionary War and the Eleven Southern States Secession One major similarity between the two historical events is that, one opposing side in the conflicts was motivat ed by the need to be independent. In the American Revolutionary War, the thirteen colonies under the revolutionaries fought against the British rule in order to be independent.Before the conflict, the thirteen colonies were part of the British America which was under the British rule under a set of mandates, dominions, and protectorates. During the secession of the eleven southern states, the states fought for their independence from the Union or the then US Federation government. While the desire to be independent was triggered by different reasons for the two events, the major reason of the two conflicts was to seek sovereignity.The Southern states wanted to be independent so as to practice slavery and continue owning slaves without the influence of the anti-slavery northern states, while the thirteen states wanted their independence from the British unpopular and illegitimate rule. Another similarity between the two is that, the parties that sought to be independent were successf ul. In the American Revolutionary war, the thirteen states were able to get independence and sovereignty to become the United States of America. The secession of the eleven states on the other hand led to the independence of the states from the Union to form the Confederate of States.However, the independence of the southern states was short lived and it ended in 1865. In the two events, there was the use of military forces . The American Revolutionary War involved the British, and the revolutionary and the allies forces. The secession ended with the American Civil War, where the Confederacy and Union forces fought. The Differences The two events were different based on the military forces that were involved in the conflicts. The American Revolutionary War had the other outside military forces assisting the two conflicting parties in the war.However, the secession of southern states and the resulting American Civil War was a conflict between two American forces (the Union and the Co nfederacy forces), where the Union forces were made up of the northern states, while the confederacy forces were made up of the southern states. In addition, the two events were motivated by different reasons to be independent. While the American Revolutionary War resulted from the thirteen states desire to be independent so as to prevent the British rule imposing of taxes and laws that were unpopular , the eleven Southern States desire to be independent was motivated by the states support of slavery.Did the Constitution require a Perpetual Union? The Perpetual Union played an important role in the formation of the US Constitution. After defeating the British rule, the governing constitution of the thirteen independent states was the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. This made it possible for the formation of the â€Å"United States of America† and the confederation government. The states were therefore able to retain their sovereignity. The establishment of a fe deral system of governance made it less important for some content of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union to be put in the constitution.However,the perpetual union constitution paved way for a more powerful and balanced government. The need to have a more powerful government and balance legislative decisions of small and large states motivated the replacement of the Articles of Perpetual Union with the US Constitution . Abraham Lincoln made an inaugural address in March 4, 1861 in relation to the constitution and the Union. According to his speech, Lincoln recognized that the Union was older than the constitution.The Union had been formed much earlier than the constitution under the Articles of Association in 1774, and the 1776 Declaration of Independence continued the union. After getting their sovereignity, the Thirteen States had accepted to be in the Perpetual Union in 1778 under the Articles of Confederation. Lincoln through his inaugural address acknowledged the importance of the Perpetual Union by stating that the 1787 move to establish and ordain a US Constitution was to improve the earlier formed union into a perfect union.ConclusionThe American Revolutionary War and the secession of the eleven southern states are two historical events that have contributed greatly to the American history . The activities that took place during the two events have continued to mould the American society up to date. These two events were very beneficial to the American people because they managed to obtain their independence from the British rule, and the social injustices (slavery) fought against. Though many people lost their lives during the conflicts, the American people continue to enjoy the benefits that resulted from the conflicts up to date.Works Cited Chambers, John. The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford University Press, 1999 Heidler, David. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History (20 02), 1591–98 Higginbotham, Don. The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practice, 1763–1789. Northeastern University Press, 1983 Kenneth, Stampp. â€Å"The Concept of a Perpetual Union,† The Journal of American History, Vol. 65, No. 1 (Jun. , 1978), pp. 5-33 Weintraub, Stanley. Iron Tears; America's Battle for Freedom, Britain's Quagmire: 1775- 1783. New York: Free Press, 2005

The Catholic Church and Charity - 1333 Words

The Catholic Church has been around since 100 AD. While it has been a place of worship for over 1.1 billion people all over the world, the Catholic Church is not just a source of faith for those same people. The Catholic Church is one of the world’s largest sources of charity. The Catholic Church serves billions of people all over the world every year with a large range of services. The Catholic religion is dominated by the theological philosophy that one must be a good person, but also give back during the course of their lifetime. With charity being one of the core values of the Catholic religion, it is no question that the Catholic Church is quite probably the largest charity in the world. The Catholic Church provides for the poor by giving them a place to eat and stay, they allocate funds for many types of organizations involving helping the downtrodden and people who cannot help themselves, and most importantly, the Catholic Church has a large network of people who go on missions to different countries to help spread the religion of Catholicism, but also help the people there build homes, water treatment facilities, and help them with an assortment of other health related tasks such as AIDs prevention and malaria prevention. The Catholic Church’s main priority in regards to their charitable contributions to the world is the fight against poverty. Catholics have been trying to help the poor for quite some time now. 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